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          USB的描述符及其之间的关系
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        <p>​    下面的内容主要都来源于《圈圈教你玩USB》这一本书以及网友的博客：<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://blog.csdn.net/sz189981/article/details/62072621?utm_medium=distribute.pc_relevant.none-task-blog-baidujs_title-3&amp;spm=1001.2101.3001.4242%E3%80%82">https://blog.csdn.net/sz189981/article/details/62072621?utm_medium=distribute.pc_relevant.none-task-blog-baidujs_title-3&amp;spm=1001.2101.3001.4242。</a></p>
<h2 id="1-USB描述符的作用"><a href="#1-USB描述符的作用" class="headerlink" title="1. USB描述符的作用"></a><strong>1. USB描述符的作用</strong></h2><p>  告诉USB主机，USB设备的功能及行为。</p>
<p>  描述符中记录了设备的类型、厂商ID和产品ID(通常依靠它们来加载对应的驱动程序)、端点的情况、版本号等众多信息。</p>
<h2 id="2-标准描述符"><a href="#2-标准描述符" class="headerlink" title="2. 标准描述符"></a><strong>2. 标准描述符</strong></h2><p>  USB1.1协议定义的：① 设备描述符 ② 配置描述符 ③ 接口描述符 ④ 端点描述符 ⑤ 字符串描述符</p>
<p>  USB2.0协议增加的：⑥ 设备质量描述符 ⑦ 其它速度配置描述符</p>
<h2 id="3-特殊描述符"><a href="#3-特殊描述符" class="headerlink" title="3. 特殊描述符"></a><strong>3. 特殊描述符</strong></h2><p>  类特殊描述符：① HID描述符 ② 音频接口描述符</p>
<p>  厂商自定义的描述符等。</p>
<h2 id="4-USB描述符之间的层级关系"><a href="#4-USB描述符之间的层级关系" class="headerlink" title="4. USB描述符之间的层级关系"></a><strong>4. USB描述符之间的层级关系</strong></h2><img src="https://xdl-blog-picture.oss-cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com/img/微信截图_20210125093934.png" style="zoom:60%;">

<p>​    设备描述符里决定 -&gt; 设备有几种配置描述符；</p>
<p>​    每种配置描述符里决定 -&gt; 该配置有几个接口；</p>
<p>​    每个接口描述符里定义 -&gt; 该接口有几个端点；(如果有类特殊描述符，跟在接口描述符之后)</p>
<p>​    端点描述符里定义了端点的大小和类型等。</p>
<h2 id="5-主机获取描述符的顺序-从上到下"><a href="#5-主机获取描述符的顺序-从上到下" class="headerlink" title="5. 主机获取描述符的顺序(从上到下)"></a><strong>5. 主机获取描述符的顺序(从上到下)</strong></h2><p>  ① 设备描述符；</p>
<p>  ② 配置描述符；</p>
<p>  ③ 配置描述符、接口描述符、类特殊描述符(如果有)、端点描述符；(主机根据配置描述符中配置集合的总长度，一次将它们读回)</p>
<p>  ④ 字符串描述符。(主机通过发送获取字符串描述符的请求、描述符的索引号、语言ID来单独获取对应的字符串描述符)</p>
<h2 id="6-描述符主要记录的信息"><a href="#6-描述符主要记录的信息" class="headerlink" title="6. 描述符主要记录的信息"></a><strong>6. 描述符主要记录的信息</strong></h2><table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>序号</th>
<th>描述符</th>
<th>主要记录的信息</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td>1</td>
<td>设备描述符</td>
<td>设备所使用的USB协议版本号、设备类型、端点0的最大包大小、厂商ID(VID)和产品ID(PID)、设备版本号、厂商字符串索引、产品字符串索引、设备序列号索引、可能的配置数等。</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>2</td>
<td>配置描述符</td>
<td>配置所包含的接口数、配置的编号、供电方式、是否支持远程唤醒、电流需求量等。</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>3</td>
<td>接口描述符</td>
<td>接口的编号、接口的端点数目、接口所使用的类、子类、协议等</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>4</td>
<td>端点描述符</td>
<td>端点号及方向、端点传输类型、最大包长度、查询时间间隔等</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>5</td>
<td>字符串描述符</td>
<td>方便人们阅读的信息，它不是必需的</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h2 id="7-USB-设备各属性的关系和设备各属性-VS-教室"><a href="#7-USB-设备各属性的关系和设备各属性-VS-教室" class="headerlink" title="7. USB 设备各属性的关系和设备各属性 VS 教室"></a><strong>7. USB 设备各属性的关系和设备各属性 VS 教室</strong></h2><table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th></th>
<th>USB设备：鼠标</th>
<th>USB设备：鼠标</th>
<th>教室</th>
<th>教室</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td>序号</td>
<td>属性</td>
<td>作用</td>
<td>属性</td>
<td>作用</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>1</td>
<td>设备地址：8888</td>
<td>找到设备</td>
<td>8号楼</td>
<td>找到楼</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>2</td>
<td>端点：0、1</td>
<td>找到端点</td>
<td>808教室</td>
<td>找到教室</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>3</td>
<td>配置(抽象概念，方便管理端点)</td>
<td>管理一个或多个不同的功能</td>
<td>教学楼的作用</td>
<td>用于期末考试(一个功能)或平时上课(多个功能)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>4</td>
<td>接口(抽象概念，方便管理端点)</td>
<td>管理端点功能</td>
<td>教室的作用</td>
<td>考试或“上课和教师休息”</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<p>​    ① 一个设备可以有多个配置，但同一个时刻只能有一个配置有效，当我们需要不同功能时，只需要选择不同配置即可；</p>
<p>​    ② 每个配置下可以有一个或多个接口；</p>
<p>​    ③ 每个接口下可以有一个或多个端点；</p>
<p>​    ④ 同一个端点号不能出现在同一个配置下两个或多个不同的接口中；但是可以用在不同的配置中。</p>
<p><strong>USB复合设备：</strong></p>
<p>​    具有多个接口并由接口实现功能的设备，例如一个USB音频设备，它具有 一个音频控制接口、一个到多个音频流或MIDI流接口。</p>
<p>​    在主机端会把USB复合设备的每一个接口当作一个功能设备看待。</p>
<p><strong>单一的设备</strong>：</p>
<p>​    一个设备下只有一个配置描述符、一个接口描述符，像常见的USB鼠标、U盘等。</p>
<h2 id="8-USB通讯中端点的概念"><a href="#8-USB通讯中端点的概念" class="headerlink" title="8. USB通讯中端点的概念"></a>8. USB通讯中端点的概念</h2><p>​    端点位于USB 外设内部，所有通信数据的来源或目的都基于这些端点，是一个可寻址的FIFO。</p>
<p>​    每个USB设备都有一个唯一的设备地址，设备地址是设备连接上主机时由主机分配的，主机主要依靠这个设备地址对USB设备进行访问。但是在设备内部地址会被分的更细，设备会分出一些端点来，每个端点在设备都会有唯一的端点号，这个端点号是设计设备时给定的。如端点0，端点1等。一个设备最多可以包含16个端点，每个端点的地址为0-15。</p>
<p>  其中每个端点地址对应一个方向。例如端点3-IN，端点3-OUT,这两个含义完全不同。但是需要注意其中的一个特殊端点–端点0，<strong>每个USB设备必须要有一个端点0</strong>，其作用为对设备枚举和对设备进行一些基本的控制功能，端点0也被称为控制端点。并且它与其他的端点还有一个不同之处在于<strong>端点0的数据传输方向是双向的</strong>，即端点0既可以给主机发送数据，也可以接收主机发送过来的数据，而其它端点均为单向。</p>
<p>   虽然有16个端点，但通常我们只用到3个,如下：</p>
<p>   1）、EP0：做传输配置和控制信息；</p>
<p>   2）、EP1：做数据输入IN_EP；</p>
<p>   3）、EP2：做数据输出OUT_EP。</p>
<p><strong>注意：</strong>除了端点0，其余的端点在设备配置之前不能与主机通信，只有向主机报告这些端点的特性并被确认后才能被激活。</p>

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